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A proxy is also known as a proxy server is software that acts as a mediator between a client and server over the internet. Without proxy servers, users can send a request for the item to an online server and the server would deliver the resource directly back to the client. While this is a simple method to grasp and implement, the addition of proxies can provide advantages in terms of improved performance, privacy, security, and many more. In addition to providing a layer of security, proxies act as a security guardian of the internet between servers and clients.

There is a general consensus that the collection of server hardware and proxy software is also frequently called proxy servers. However, this article will be focusing on proxies which are usually classified as software and within the context of web servers. This article will give a synopsis of the two principal kinds that are forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage that can cause confusion due to a similar naming convention.

This article will give you an understanding of nature of proxies and what their subtypes are and how they work in the common configurations. By reading in this post, you'll be able to recognize the circumstances that are the best to utilize a proxy and choose the best option between forward proxy and reverse proxy, in any situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

In the same way a forward proxy, also called open proxy. In other words, an open proxy serves as the representative of a customer who wishes to send an internet request to an source server. In this situation, any request made by the client will instead be directed direct via the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting on the place of the client, will look into the request. The first step is to decide if the user is authorized receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to reject an request and send it back to the server that originally received it. The client isn't able to have direct access to the internet. It can only access what forward proxy allows it access to.

The most common reason for using forward proxy services is to gain greater privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy can be used to access the internet place of a client, and in this manner it could use a different IP address than the IP address originally that the client uses.

Depending on how it's been configured in the past forward proxy servers are able to offer a wide range of options. They allow you to:

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  Avoid ad tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can determine limitations based on your geographic location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide central security and permission-based access, like in the workplace. When all internet traffic passes via an open forward proxy layer, administrators can limit access to certain clients to the internet and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls installed for the client layer that may comprise a range of computers with different user and operating environments, the firewall could be placed into the forward proxy layer.

Be aware that forward proxy settings must be configured manually to function, while reverse proxy settings can be ignored by clients. Based on whether the IP address of the client is passed to the original server via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity could be granted or not.

There are a variety of options to take into consideration when it comes to forward proxy options:

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  Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver with forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid is a free forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire Web server service. Take a look at our step-bystep guide to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante forward proxy which runs using the SOCKS protocol, instead of HTTP this makes it more appropriate for scenarios such as peer-topeer traffic. You can also examine how you can install the Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy serves as a representation of web servers, which handles the incoming requests of clients. The web server may include one or more servers. Additionally, it can be a server for applications such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request for an application comes by a user on the internet in general. Most of the time the request will be sent directly to the web server along with the information the client wants. Instead, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary securing Web server from any direct interaction with the web's public.

From a consumer's point of view that is from a user's perspective, working with a reverse proxy is identical to working with an internet server direct. It's exactly the same thing, however the user is unable to see the distinction. The client makes a request for a resource and then receives it, with no additional configuration needed by the client.

Reverse proxies can provide features such as:

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  Centrally secured for Web Server Layer.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic that is inbound, based on rules that you can set up.
  
  
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  The caching functionality has been added to the app.
  
  

While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this feature only to the server layer, and not the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls on the web server layer which could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of the firewall security is concentrated on reverse proxy layers. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and also interacting with clients' requests outside of web servers permits them to concentrate on serving the requirements of their customers.

When there is a multitude of servers hosted with a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy is also responsible for directing which requests go to the server. There could be multiple web servers providing identical content offering different types of resource or a combination of both. They can use the HTTP protocol exactly the same way as a traditional web server, however, they may also use other protocols for applications servers, such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers based upon the requested resource or follow specific rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies may also make use of their position ahead of web servers, by providing caching capabilities. The large static files can be set up by using caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with each request. There are even solutions that allow users to serve static files directly without connecting to a web server even once. In addition reverse proxy solutions can handle compression of these assets.

The popular Nginx web server is also used as a very popular reverse proxy option. While Apache can also be a reverse proxy option however, Apache is a reverse proxy service. Apache web server is also able to function with a reverse proxy function as an additional characteristic of Apache whereas Nginx was designed initially to and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples

Since "forward" or "reverse" have connotations of directionality, as well as false comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, the labels could be confusing, as both types of proxies are able to handle requests and responses. A better approach to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to study the requirements of the program you're creating.

Reverse proxy is useful when designing an application that runs web-based applications on the internet. They act as your web server for when you use the web.

Forward proxy can be useful when it is displayed in front of clients for personal use or within an office environment. They represent your customers whenever you use the internet.

The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing on common naming conventions can aid in eliminating confusion.

Conclusion

The article clarified the meaning of a proxy using two types of proxy: the forward one and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of beneficial characteristics were employed to identify between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about how to implement proxies you can check out our guide on how you can set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy using Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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