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An proxy often referred to as proxy servers is software that acts as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without the use of a proxy, an individual would send a request to something directly through a server and the server would then deliver the item directly to the client. Although this method is easy to comprehend and implement the addition of proxies could provide advantages in terms of increased performance, privacy, security, and many more. In addition to providing a layer of security, proxies act as a security guardian for the internet between servers and clients.




The general consensus is that the set of server hardware and proxy software is often known as proxy servers. But, this article will focus on proxies which are usually classified as software and within the web server context. We will present a summary of the two principal kinds that are forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage that can cause confusion due to the same name convention.




This article will give you an idea of the what proxies are and the subtypes of them and how they function in normal configurations. In the article you'll learn to identify the scenarios that are the best to use a proxy, and make the right choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy for any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In another way, a forward proxy sometimes called an open proxy acts as a representative of a customer who wishes to forward a request via the internet to an origin server. In this situation, any request made by the client's side will be directed straight to the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in in the place of the customer, will review the request. The first step is to determine if this client is authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides if it wants to refuse a request or transfer it onto the original server. The client isn't able to access directly the internet. It is only able to access the internet that the forward proxy grants its access.




The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is to gain greater privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet in instead of a client and as such, it may use an alternative IP address to the original IP address utilized by the client.




Based on the way it was set up in the past forward proxy servers are able to offer a wide range of options. They allow you to:




Do not be a victim of ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic place of residence.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide central security and permission-based access, such as in the workplace. When all internet traffic passes via an open forward proxy layer, administrators can limit access to specific clients on the internet that are filtered through a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls to protect the client layer, which may comprise a range of computers with different user and operating environments, the firewall could be put in the forward proxy layer.




Note that the forward proxy setting must be configured manually to function, while reverse proxies are able to be disregarded by clients. Based on whether the IP address of the client is passed to the original server via forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or denied.




There are several possibilities to consider for forward proxies




Apache: A popular open-source webserver that includes forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. Squid isn't a complete Web server service. Check out our step-by-step guide to install Squid proxy to allow private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which runs on the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP this makes it more appropriate for scenarios such as peer-topeer traffic. You can also look into the procedure for installing a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as a proxy for web servers, which handles the incoming requests of clients in its place. The web server could comprise one or more servers. Additionally, it can serve as an application server like Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request for an application comes from a user via the internet as a whole. In most cases, the request will be directed directly to the web server with the information that the client is asking for. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, shielding Web servers from direct interaction with the internet's public.




From a consumer's point of viewpoint, or from a user's perspective, working via a reverse proxy identical to using direct connections to an internet server. It's exactly the same thing, however the user is unable to see the differences. The client requests a resource and then receives it, with no additional configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies offer features like:




Secured centrally to protect Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules you can design.


The caching function has been added to the app.




While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies provide this feature only to the server layer, and only the layer that clients use. Instead of maintaining firewalls on servers on the internet,, which may contain many servers with different configurations, most of the firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility to interact with a firewall and also interacting with client requests outside of web servers permits them to focus on meeting the needs of their customers.




In the event that there's multiple servers hosted with a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy will also be responsible to direct which requests are routed to the server. There could be multiple web servers offering the same content, providing different kinds of content or a combination of both. These servers may be running the HTTP protocol in the same way as an ordinary web server however they could also include different protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy to redirect clients to specific servers based on the resource requested or to comply with specific rules pertaining to traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can benefit from their position before web servers by delivering the ability to cache. The large static files can be set up with caching rules to avoid hitting web servers with every request. There are solutions that permit you to serve static assets directly without having to connect to the web server once. In addition reverse proxy is able to control compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as an extremely popular reverse proxy solution. While Apache has a reverse proxy service but it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server also comes with reverse proxy feature that is an added characteristic of Apache however Nginx was initially designed for and focuses on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" have connotations of directionality, as well as false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing, since both types of proxy are able to handle requests and responses. An alternative method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to study the specifications of the application that you are building.




A reverse proxy could be useful when designing a solution to provide web-based applications over the internet. They serve as your web servers for when you use the web.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is displayed in front of clients for personal use, or in the corporate setting. They are your client's representative when you interact with the internet.




The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing on standard naming conventions could help in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the definition of a proxy with the two types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the most beneficial features were utilized to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about how to set up proxy services, check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy with Apache in Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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