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It is a proxy is also referred to a proxy server is software that acts in the middle between a client and server on internet. Without proxy, a user would make a request a resource directly to the server and it would serve that resource to its user directly. Although this method is easy to comprehend and implement, using proxies provides advantages in the form of better performance as well as privacy, security and more. As an additional layer for being able to pass through, a proxy serves as a guardian for the internet between clients and servers.




The majority of people agree it is the case that the mix of servers hardware and installed proxy software is frequently referred too as proxy servers. For this post, we will examine proxies commonly described as software as well as those that are used in conjunction using web servers. This article will provide a detailed breakdown of two types of proxies which are the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each comes with its own specific use case that is frequently confused due to the same name convention.




This article will provide you with some understanding about what proxies are and what their subtypes, and the ways they can prove useful for the most common setups. Through this article you'll be able discern the scenarios in which a proxy is advantageous, and choose the most appropriate forward proxy or reverse proxy for any particular situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes known in the form of the open proxy is a representative of a customer that is trying to route an internet request to an origin server. In this scenario, it's the situation that all requests coming from the client will be sent to through the forward proxy. In this case the forward proxy, in place of the client, will scrutinize the request. In the beginning, it will decide whether the client is permitted to transmit requests through this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides to refuse this request and forward it to the origin server. It's not able connect directly to the internet. It is only able to access the information forward proxy permits it access to.




A typical use of forward proxies is to gain greater privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet as a personal client, and during this process, it can use another IP address in contrast to the IP address that is used by the client.




Depending on how it's been set up in the past forward proxy servers could provide a range of choices, allowing you to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your location of residence.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that offer central security as well as permission-based access, for example, at work. If all internet traffic passes via an open forward proxy, an administrator can grant only a small number of clients access to the internet that is blocked by a standard firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the layer of clients, which could include multiple computers with different user and environment the firewall can be set up on the layer that redirects traffic from proxy servers.




Keep in mind that forward proxy servers have to be set up manually prior to use, whereas reverse proxies can be disregarded by clients. Based on the fact that an IP address is passed on to the server that originated it via the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be made clear.




There are a myriad of options to be considered in the case of forward proxies:




Apache An open source, well-known web server that provides forward proxy features.


Nginx is another well-known open-source web server with forward proxy features.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy which makes use of the HTTP protocol. It does not include an entire web server service. Read our article on the most efficient method to set up Squid proxy for secure connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP, making it more suitable for scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to learn how to configure the Dante proxy for private connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as a representative of a server on the internet that handles incoming requests from customers on its behalf. The web server may represent a single or several servers. It could also represent an application server such as Gunicorn. For any one of these cases, the request may come via a user on the internet in general. The majority of the time, the request will be sent directly to the web server with the resources that the user is seeking. A reverse proxy is a intermediary, and blocks your web server from interaction with the open internet.




From a client's perspective from the perspective of a customer, using a reverse proxy isn't any different than communicating with your webserver directly. It's basically the same and the client is unable to discern the difference. Client requests a resource, and then receives it, without any additional configurations required for the end-user.




Reverse proxy proxies can provide features, like:




Centrally secured to protect Web Server Layer.


Sending traffic to be directed in accordance with rules you set up.


Additional functionality to cache data.




Although central security can be a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy solutions, reverse proxy provides this benefit only to the server layer and not to the client layer. Instead of the maintenance of firewalls on the layer of web servers which may include multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of firewall security is centered in the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, removing the obligation of interfacing with firewalls and connecting with requests from clients who aren't connected to web servers allows the firewall to focus on meeting the needs of their clients.




If there are several servers behind a reverse proxy the reverse proxy is also in charge of how requests are routed to which server. Multiple web servers may be operating from the exact same computer, serving various kinds of resources or a mix of the two. These servers can use the HTTP protocol as a conventional web server. They may also include applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy that directs customers to specific servers based on the type of resource they are searching for, or adhere to certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also profit by their position ahead of web servers through the capability of caching. Large static assets can be configured with caching policies to avoid having to connect to web servers with each request, with certain services giving the option to serve static files directly without needing to connect to the internet server for even one time. In addition reverse proxy is able to handle the compression of these assets.




The famous Nginx web server is also known as a reverse proxy feature. While you can use the Apache web server, it's also equipped with a reverse proxy feature it's an additional feature available only for Apache however Nginx was originally designed and specifically designed for reverse proxy functionality.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use



Since "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality and false distinctions between "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic. These labels are confusing because both kinds of proxies can be used to respond to requests as well as responses. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies is to examine the specifications of the application that you are creating.




A reverse proxy could be useful in the creation of a method to offer web-based services over the internet. They act as your servers whenever you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy is helpful when you are in front of the client for personal use or in a workplace setting. They can be used to represent the traffic of your clients whenever you use the internet.




A distinction based on usage case rather than focusing only at similar names can assist you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains the definition of a proxy that includes two major types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for application and an exploration of beneficial features was utilized to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested exploring the possibilities of proxy services, then check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a reverse proxy and web server proxy on Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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