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The word "proxy" refers to a proxy or proxy server. A proxy server is a software which acts as a mediator between client and server via the internet. Without the aid of proxy servers, users could submit a request for the resource directly to a server and the server will provide the requested resource directly to the user. Although this method is easy to comprehend and implement using proxies, it can provide benefits in terms of better performance privacy, security, and more. In addition, a passing through, proxies serve as a security guardian for the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the mixture of the server's hardware and proxy software is commonly known as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies which are usually described as software as when referring to web servers. This article will give an explanation of two main types: namely a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique usage scenario, which is often not understood due to the identical namesake convention.




This article will provide the understanding of what subtypes and proxies are and what they can do in the common configurations. After having read this article, you'll be able to identify the situations in which the use of proxy servers is beneficial, and choose the most appropriate option between forward and reverse proxy for any particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known by the name of the open proxy is a proxy for the user looking to transmit an online request to a source server. In this scenario, the entire effort to send requests from the client will instead be sent via this forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in place of the client will examine the request. It first decides if it is legal for the user to make requests via this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to reject requests or redirect it to the server that originally made the request. The client is not able to have an internet connection directly. It can access only what the forward proxy permits it to access.




The most popular reason to utilize forward proxy is the need for more privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy links to internet, not the client and, in this process, it uses an IP address distinct from the original IP address used by the user.




Based on the way it is created, the forward proxy will offer a variety of functions depending on the configuration, which allows you to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your location.




Forward proxies may also be used in systems that provide central security and access based on user permissions like in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet flows through an open forward proxy, the administrator can restrict access to a limited number of users to the internet, which is then filtered by a standard firewall. Instead of creating firewalls at this layer of clients that may include multiple devices with different settings and users, the firewall can be set up at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




Take note that forward proxies require manual configuration to use and reverse proxies can be ignored from the clients. Based on the type of IP address the user's IP address, the server from which it originated by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or hidden.




There are numerous possibilities to consider when it comes to forward proxy choices:




Apache is an incredibly well-known open source web server, which provides forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another well-known open source web server that comes with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open source forward proxy which uses an HTTP protocol. It isn't part of the complete web server system. There is a video tutorial on how to install Squid proxy to allow private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suited for scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to learn how to configure Dante proxy to permit private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as acting as an agent on behalf of a server on the internet that handles requests from customers for. The web server can be a single server or multiple servers. It can also function in the role of an application server like Gunicorn. In all cases, the request will be sent via the internet in general. In most cases, your request is made straight to the webserver hosting the information that the user is seeking. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, detaching this webserver from direct interactions with the open internet.




From the point of view of a user, the experience of using reverse proxy is not different from interacting with the webserver in direct contact. It's essentially the same but the client can't be able to discern the difference. The client sends an order for an item, and then receives it, with no extra configuration by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Centralized security for web servers.


It is the direction in which traffic that is entering is based on rules you set up.


The caching functionality has been added to the app.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers. However, reverse proxy servers provide this advantage only to the server layer, and not the client layer. Instead of having to maintain firewalls at the web server layer, which could contain several servers with various configurations, the bulk of firewall security is placed at the layer of reverse proxy. Additionally, removing the burden of interacting with firewalls and dealing with requests from clients who do not have web servers allows them to concentrate on the requirements of their customers.




If there are multiple servers running as a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests are directed towards which servers. There could be multiple web servers that provide the identical service, however each offering different kinds of resources or a combination of both. They may use the HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, however they also can be outfitted with application server protocols like FastCGI. There is the possibility to configure a reverse proxy that redirects users to certain servers according to the requested resource, or adhere to certain rules regarding the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies also can benefit from their location above web servers, as they have the capability to store data. Massive static resources can be set up with caching rules to avoid hitting web servers with every request. Certain solutions allow you to deliver static files directly without having to connect to the web server in any way. In addition reverse proxy can be used to compress these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as a very popular reverse proxy service. While Apache has a reverse proxy solution however, the Apache web server has a reverse proxy capabilities as an additional option to Apache however Nginx was originally designed and is focused specifically on reverse proxy features.



Differentiating Between Forward and Reverse Proxy Examples



Because "forward" and "reverse" are both associated with the notion of directionality and false comparisons are made to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic could be confusing as both types of proxies deal with both responses and requests. A better approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to examine the requirements of the app that you're constructing.




A reverse proxy could be helpful in the design of a solution to provide web-based applications over the internet. They are your web servers when you are on the internet.




Forward proxy is useful when it is placed in front of clients to use for personal purposes, or even in a working environment. They are a representation of the client's activity when you interact with the internet.




The use of case-based distinction instead of focussing on commonly used naming conventions can assist in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the definition of a proxy using two primary types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of practical use as well as a discussion of most effective features were employed to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the use of proxy servers, you can learn how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy for Apache in an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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