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An proxy or proxy server is a program that acts acting as an intermediary for client and server over the internet. Without proxy, a user could send a request for the resource directly to the server, and the server would provide the requested resource directly to the user. This method is simple to grasp and use but the addition of proxies can provide advantages, such as increased performance, privacy and security, among other things. In addition to passing through, proxies act as a security layer to the internet between servers and users.




The combined combination of server hardware and the software to install proxy servers is often referred to as proxy servers. But, this article will concentrate on the proxy servers that are usually described as software, as well as those that are utilized together with web servers. This article will provide a brief overview of the two major types of proxies: they are one that is forward and the reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage, which can be confusing because of a similar language.




This article will provide you with an idea of the what proxies and their subtypes are, as well as their value in a variety of configurations. Through the article you will know how to determine the situations that a proxy can be beneficial, and determine the best option for forward or reverse proxy depending on the circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also referred to by the name of the open proxy serves as a representative for a client that attempts to connect online to an source server. In this case, the whole attempt to send requests from the client will be controlled by the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in the place of the client will scrutinize the request. The first step is to determine whether the client has been granted permission to send requests through this specific forward proxy. It then will reject a demand and then forward the request to an source server. The client is not able to have direct connection to the internet. It can access only the information that the forward proxy allows the client to connect.




One of the most common uses for forward proxy is increased privacy or security online. A forward proxy is connected to the internet instead of a client, and in this process it utilizes an alternate IP address to the initial IP address of the client.




Based on how it has been configured according to the configuration, forward proxy may offer a variety of features depending on how it's configured. This allows you to:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


Determine the restrictions that are based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that use centralized security and based access, for instance in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet flows through an open forward proxy layer, a administrator can limit access for only a select user group to the internet, which is filtered by a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer that can comprise a variety of devices with various environments and users, it is possible to have an firewall that is located in the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxy servers have to be set up manually for be utilized, whereas reverse proxy servers can remain unnoticed by clients. Depending on the kind of IP address the client is passed on to the server which created it by forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted or left secret.




There are many options to be considered for forward proxies:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't come with a complete web server application. We have instructions on how to configure Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP, making it better suited to use in instances such as peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to understand how to configure a Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as a representative of web servers that handle incoming requests by clients on behalf of. The web server could comprise a single server or several servers. It could also include an application server such as Gunicorn. In any case, the request will come from an internet user in general. In the majority of cases, requests will get made directly to the server which has all the resources the client is requires. Contrarily, a reverse proxy works as an intermediary that isolates Web servers and their direct communication with the open internet.




From a consumer's point of view, interacting with reverse proxy is not different from using an internet server direct. It's the same thing but the user is unable to be able to discern the difference. The client asks for it, then it is then granted without additional configuration needed to be completed by the client.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




A centralized layer of security to guard the server.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you set up.


A new feature to cache is now available.




While centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this to only the server layer and not to the client layer. Instead of establishing firewalls on Web server layers that can include multiple servers and various configurations, most security for firewalls is focused on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interfacing with firewalls and communicating with customers who aren't connected to web servers permits the firewall to concentrate on addressing the needs of their clients.




In the event of multiple servers operating within a reverse proxy, it controls which requests are directed to which servers. There are many web servers running within the exact same system and serving different types of resources or a combination of the two. They use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server. They can also be equipped with other protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can configure reverse proxy settings to direct the clients towards specific servers based on the type of resource they are searching for, or follow certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also have the ability to gain advantages from their positioning ahead of web servers by providing caching functionality. Large static assets are able to be configured with caching rules so that they do not have to contact web servers on every request. Some solutions offering an option to serve static assets directly without touching the web server even once. In addition, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as a reliable reverse proxy service. Although it is true it's true Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy, it can be used in conjunction with Apache however Nginx was originally built for and focuses on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" come with connotations of directionality and inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. They could be confusing because both types of proxies process requests and response. An alternative approach to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy service is to think about the needs of the application that you're working on.




Reverse proxy can be useful in the case of creating a solution for offering web-based services via the internet. They serve as your servers when you interact with the Internet.




Forward proxy software is advantageous when presented to the client for your personal usage as well as in an office environment. They are your client's representative whenever you use the internet.




Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the commonly used naming conventions can help in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article defined the definition of a proxy along with two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of the benefits were used to distinguish between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring the implementation of proxies we recommend you learn how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy on Apache on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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