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A proxy is also known as a proxy server software that serves to act as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without an intermediary the client would a request the resource directly to the server and the server would then serve the resource directly back at the request of the customer. Although this is a simple process to comprehend and implement, adding proxies provides advantages including increased speed, privacy and security, and many more. Apart from providing a layer of security they also act as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




The bundled package of servers that have installed proxy software is usually referred to as proxy servers. But, this article will focus on the proxies that are typically referred to as software, but also within the context of web servers. We will present a summary of the two main types: one being one that is a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a distinct use, which could be confusing due to the identical name-based convention.




This article will provide you with the knowledge of what proxy services and their subtypes are, as well as the ways they can be useful for the most common setups. In this article, you'll be in a position to recognize the scenarios that you can gain by a proxy, and select the correct solution in between forward and reverse proxy in any situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also referred to by the name of an open proxy serves as the agent of a client who wishes to send requests via the internet to a server that created it. In this scenario it is the situation that all requests received from the client will instead be directed straight into the forward proxy. Forward proxy who is acting in the place on behalf of client examine into the request. In the beginning, it will determine if the client is authorized to make requests via this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either reject requests or redirect them to the original server. The client is not capable of having direct access to the internet; it is only allowed to access information that the forward proxy enables the client to access.




One of the most popular reasons for using forward proxy is to provide greater privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy has the ability to connect to the internet as the client. In this manner, it utilizes another IP address in comparison to your client's IP address.




Based on the way it has been configured, based on the way it has been configured forward proxy could perform a variety of tasks and the capability to:




Beware of ads-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be employed in systems that provide central security and access that is dependent on permissions, for example, in a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic flows by an open forward proxy an administrator can limit access to specific users on the internet using a common firewall. Instead of implementing firewalls on the client layer, which can contain multiple devices that have different configurations and user, a firewall can be installed at the forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy servers must be configured manually to utilize the reverse proxy, while forward proxies may go unnoticed by the client. Depending on the type of IP address of a client is transferred to the server that originated it through the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or left transparent.




There are a myriad of options to consider for forward proxies:




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another well-known open-source web server with forward proxy capability.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't come with a complete website server program. We have instructions on how to setup Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP which makes it better suited for certain scenarios such as with peer-to-peer traffic. You could also find out how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections with Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as an agent for a web server. It handles any requests that come in from clients. The web server could serve as a single server, or as a series of servers. Additionally, it can function as an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, a request would come from a user on the internet at large. In most cases the request will be sent directly to the web server that holds all the resources the client seeking. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary that shields the webserver from direct contact with the internet.




From a user an individual's point of view the procedure of using reverse proxy is not any different than working with a Web server itself. It's functionally the same however the client cannot tell the distinction. Client makes the request to access an item, and it is then received, with no additional configuration needed on the part of the client.




Reverse proxy proxies are able to provide features, like:




Security centralized for web servers.


Directing incoming traffic using rules that you create.


The caching function has been added to the app.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy service, reverse proxy providers provide this benefit to Web server layers and not to the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls at Web server layers, which can contain multiple servers with various configurations, most of firewall security is focused on the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the necessity of interfacing with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients off of web servers allows them to focus on providing resources.




In the event of multiple servers operating through a reverse proxy, it also manages how requests are routed the correct server. Many web servers may be offering the identical service, but each one serving different types of resources, or a combination of both. These servers could use their HTTP protocol to function as a web server in the traditional sense, but they can also incorporate protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can create a reverse proxy to route customers to a specific server according to the resource requested or to adhere to specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can benefit from their position before web servers through the capability of caching. Large static assets can be configured by caching rules so that they do not have to connect to web servers every time they need to make a request. There are solutions that provide the possibility of serving directly static assets without having to connect to the web server in any way. Additionally, the reverse proxy can handle compressing the assets.




The well-known Nginx web server is an efficient reverse proxy service. Although you can utilize the Apache web server also comes with reverse proxy capabilities as an additional function of Apache which is in contrast to Nginx was designed initially for and focuses on reverse proxy functionality.



The difference between Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use. Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Use



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with directionality, as well as false comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing as both kinds of proxy services are capable of handling requests as well as respond. Instead, a better way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy providers is to consider the needs of the application that you are developing.




Reverse proxy can be useful in the development of an application that can serve web applications on the internet. They act as your web server in any interactions online.




Forward proxy applications can be beneficial when used in front of client traffic for your private use, or in a work setting. They represent your client's traffic for any internet-based interaction.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing on common naming conventions can aid in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



In this article, we clarified the meaning of a proxy, with the two main kinds of them being the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a glance at positive characteristics were utilized to define forward proxies as well as reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about the implementation of proxy servers check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy for Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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