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An proxy is also known as a proxy server software acts to act as a mediator between the server and client over the internet. Without the proxy, a client could make a request the resource directly to a server and the server could serve the resource directly for the client. While this approach is straightforward to comprehend and implement, using proxies provides benefits like improved performance, privacy, security, and much more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy acts as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the combined combination of server hardware and proxy software is usually called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies which are generally defined as software, and specifically in relation to web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type of proxy has its own situation, and it is frequently misunderstood because of the identical terms.




This article will provide information about what proxy services and their subtypes are, and the way they work in a variety of configurations. By reading this article, you'll be able identify circumstances in which the use of proxies is advantageous, and select the most appropriate solution between forward and reverse proxy depending on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also referred to the open proxy serves as a representative for a customer who needs to send a request via the internet to an the server which originated it. In this situation, the entire effort to send requests made by the user will instead be transmitted through the forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting instead of the client, will look into the request. Then, it determines if this client is authorized to transmit requests via this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to reject any request, or forward it to the source server. The client does not have direct connection for the web. It can access only the information that forward proxy allows it to access.




A popular use for forward proxy is to provide greater privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet in place of a client, and in this way it can utilize an IP address that is different from the IP address used by the client.




Depending on how it's been configured, based on the way it is configured, forward proxy may offer you a variety of features based on the configuration, which allows you to:




Do not be a victim of ad trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Recognize restrictions based on place of residence.




Forward proxies are also used for security systems that are centralized as well as permission-based access in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet passes through an open forward proxy the administrator is able to permit just a handful of users connection to internet through the common firewall. Instead of setting up security firewalls at the layer of clients which could comprise a range of machines that have various environments and users. A firewall may be installed at this forward proxy layer.




It is important to remember that forward proxies must be manually setup for use, whereas reverse proxies can be hidden from the user. Depending on the type the IP address of a user is transferred to the server that is originally via the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are numerous possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxies.




Apache An open source well-known web server that provides forward proxy features.


Nginx is another widely-used open-source web server with the ability to forward-proxy.


Squid: A free forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't include the full web server. You can read our article on the best way to create Squid proxy to connect privately within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP making it more suitable for applications such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also check out how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as a representative of a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf of. Web servers can comprise servers, or even multiple servers. Also, it could become an application-server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, the request will originate from the web in general. In the majority of cases, your request is made directly to a web server with the information the user is looking for. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, isolating the webserver from direct interaction with the internet.




From the perspective of the user, the experience of interacting with a reverse proxy is no different than communicating with an internet server directly. It's functionally the same however the client can't see the distinction. The client requests an item and receives it without additional configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




Centralized security to web server.


Controlling traffic that is incoming by implementing rules that you establish.


New caching functionality has been added.




While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers. Reverse proxy servers provide this benefit only to the layer of the webserver and not to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on webserver level which could contain multiple servers and various configurations, the bulk protection of firewalls is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interacting with a firewall and responding to requests from clients via web servers allows them to concentrate on the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers operating with a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy is also responsible for the direction in which requests are directed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers operating from the same host, each providing different kinds of resources, or a mix of both. They can use the HTTP protocol just like a conventional web server, however they could also be outfitted with application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy to direct visitors to specific server according to the service required, or to specific rules pertaining to the amount of traffic.




Reverse proxies may also benefit from their placement on top of web servers, as they provide caching capabilities. Large static assets can be configured with caching rules to avoid having to contact web servers for each request. Some solutions allowing you to directly serve static assets without having to interact with the webserver for even one time. Furthermore, the reverse proxy is able to handle the compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as an extremely popular reverse proxy solution. While Apache is an alternative to reverse proxy, the Apache web server also has reverse proxy functions, but it's an additional feature that is available to Apache unlike Nginx was initially designed for and focuses upon the feature of reverse proxy.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use The Case



Because "forward" or "reverse" are ascribed to a sense of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, the names could be confusing because both kinds of proxies handle the processing of requests as well as responses. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy providers is to take into account the needs of the application that you are developing.




A reverse proxy is useful in the development of a solution to provide web-based applications over the internet. They are your web servers for any interaction you make on the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when put in front of users for personal use, or in the workplace. They are a representation of the traffic of your client when you use the internet.




The practice of separating by use case, instead of just focusing on the most the most common naming conventions will ensure that you aren't confused.



Conclusion



This article explains the meaning of a proxy with the two main types, namely the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of practical use and an overview of advantageous features were used to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the advantages of proxies, you can check out our guide for configuring Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy in Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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