Hobbes' Internet Timeline - The Definitive ARPAnet & Internet History > 자유게시판

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UK's HM Treasury on-line (http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/) New Zealand's Info Tech Prime Minister on-line (http://www.govt.nz/) First Virtual, the first cyberbank, open up for business Radio stations begin rockin' (rebroadcasting) spherical the clock on the web: WXYC at Univ of NC, KJHK at Univ of KS-Lawrence, KUGS at Western WA Univ IPng beneficial by IETF at its Toronto meeting (July) and authorized by IESG in November. Later documented as RFC 1752 The first banner ads appear on hotwired.com in October. They have been for Zima (a beverage) and AT&T Trans-European Research and Education Network Association (TERENA) is formed by the merger of Rare and EARN, with representatives from 38 nations as well as CERN and ECMWF. TERENA's purpose is to "promote and take part in the development of a top quality worldwide information and telecommunications infrastructure for the advantage of research and training" (October) After noticing that many community software program distributors used domain.com in their documentation examples, Bill Woodcock and Jon Postel register the area. Sure enough, after wanting on the area access logs, it was evident that many users had been utilizing the example domain in configuring their functions. The primary web-based machine translation system is developed by this Timeline's writer, supporting 9 languages, and made obtainable the next yr to tons of of 1000's of customers on OSIS and Intelink, both US authorities networks RFC 1605: SONET to Sonnet Translation RFC 1606: A Historical Perspective On The Usage Of IP Version 9 RFC 1607: A VIEW FROM THE twenty first CENTURY Countries connecting to NSFNET: Algeria (DZ), Armenia (AM), Bermuda (BM), Burkina Faso (BF), China (CN), Colombia (CO), Jamaica (JM), Jordan (JO), Lebanon (LB), Lithuania (LT), Macao (MO), Morocco (MA), New Caledonia (NC), Nicaragua (NI), Niger (NE), Panama (PA), Philippines (PH), Senegal (SN), Sri Lanka (LK), Swaziland (SZ), Uruguay (UY), Uzbekistan (UZ) Top 10 Domains by Host #: com, edu, uk, gov, de, ca, mil, au, org, net 1995 NSFNET reverts back to a research network. Main US spine traffic now routed by way of interconnected community suppliers The brand new NSFNET is born as NSF establishes the very excessive velocity Backbone Network Service (vBNS) linking tremendous-computing centers: NCAR, NCSA, SDSC, CTC, PSC Neda Rayaneh Institute (NRI), Iran's first industrial supplier, comes on-line, connecting by way of satellite tv for pc to Cadvision, a Canadian supplier (:rm1:) Hong Kong police disconnect all but one of many colony's Internet suppliers for failure to acquire a license; thousands of customers are left with out service (:kf2:) Sun launches JAVA on May 23 RealAudio, an audio streaming technology, lets the online hear in near actual-time Radio HK, the primary industrial 24 hr., Internet-only radio station begins broadcasting WWW surpasses ftp-data in March as the service with best visitors on NSFNet based on packet count, and in April primarily based on byte count Traditional online dial-up systems (CompuServe, America Online, Prodigy) start to provide Internet entry Chris Lamprecht (aka "Minor Threat") turns into the first individual banned from accessing the Internet by a US District Court choose in Texas Thousands in Minneapolis-St. Paul (USA) lose Net access after transients start a bonfire beneath a bridge on the Univ of MN inflicting fiber-optic cables to melt (30 July) Various Net related corporations go public, with Netscape main the pack with the third largest ever NASDAQ IPO share value (9 August) Registration of domain names is now not free. Beginning 14 September, a $50 annual fee has been imposed, which up till now was subsidized by NSF. NSF continues to pay for .edu registration, and on an interim foundation for .gov The Vatican comes on-line (http://www.vatican.va/) The Canadian Government comes on-line (http://canada.gc.ca/) The primary official Internet wiretap was profitable in serving to the secret Service and Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) apprehend three individuals who have been illegally manufacturing and selling cellphone cloning gear and digital units Operation Home Front connects, for the primary time, troopers in the sphere with their households back house through the Internet. Richard White turns into the primary person to be declared a munition, underneath the USA's arms export control legal guidelines, because of an RSA file security encryption program tattooed on his arm (:wired496:) RFC 1882: The 12-Days of Technology Before Christmas Country domains registered: Ethiopia (ET), Cote d'Ivoire (CI), Cook Islands (CK) Cayman Islands (KY), Anguilla (AI), Gibraltar (GI), Vatican (VA), Kiribati (KI), Kyrgyzstan (KG), Madagascar (MG), Mauritius (MU), Micronesia (FM), Monaco (MC), Mongolia (MN), Nepal (NP), Nigeria (NG), Western Samoa (WS), San Marino (SM), Tanzania (TZ), Tonga (TO), Uganda (UG), Vanuatu (VU) Top 10 Domains by Host #: com, edu, internet, gov, mil, org, de, uk, ca, au Technologies of the Year: WWW, Search engines like google and yahoo Emerging Technologies: Mobile code (JAVA, JAVAscript), Virtual environments (VRML), Collaborative instruments Hacks of the Year: The Spot (Jun 12), Hackers Movie Page (12 Aug) 1996 Internet telephones catch the attention of US telecommunication corporations who ask the US Congress to ban the expertise (which has been around for years) Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, PLO Leader Yasser Arafat, and Phillipine President Fidel Ramos meet for ten minutes in an online interactive chat session on 17 January. The controversial US Communications Decency Act (CDA) turns into legislation in the US with the intention to prohibit distribution of indecent supplies over the online. A few months later a 3-decide panel imposes an injunction against its enforcement. Supreme Court unanimously guidelines most of it unconstitutional in 1997. BackRub, Google's precursor, comes online 9,272 organizations find themselves unlisted after the InterNIC drops their name service as a result of not having paid their area name price Various ISPs undergo extended service outages, bringing into question whether they will have the ability to handle the growing variety of customers. AOL (19 hours), Netcom (thirteen hours), AT&T WorldNet (28 hours - e mail only) Domain identify television.com bought to CNET for US$15,000 New York's Public Access Networks Corp (PANIX) is shut down after repeated SYN attacks by a cracker using strategies outlined in a hacker journal (2600) MCI upgrades Internet backbone adding ~13,000 ports, bringing the effective velocity from 155Mbps to 622Mbps. The Internet Ad Hoc Committee declares plans so as to add 7 new generic Top Level Domains (gTLD): .agency, .store, .net, .arts, .rec, .data, .nom. The IAHC plan additionally requires a competing group of domain registrars worldwide. A malicious cancelbot is launched on USENET wiping out greater than 25,000 messages The WWW browser battle, fought primarily between Netscape and Microsoft, has rushed in a new age in software program growth, whereby new releases are made quarterly with the help of Internet customers keen to test upcoming (beta) variations. Internet2 challenge is kicked off by representatives from 34 universities on 1 Oct (:msb:) RFC 1925: The Twelve Networking Truths Restrictions on Internet use around the world: China: requires customers and ISPs to register with the police Germany: cuts off access to some newsgroups carried on CompuServe Saudi Arabia: confines Internet entry to universities and hospitals Singapore: requires political and religious content material providers to register with the state New Zealand: classifies laptop disks as "publications" that may be censored and seized supply: Human Rights Watch Country domains registered: Qatar (QA), Central African Republic (CF), Oman (OM), Norfolk Island (NF), Tuvalu (Tv), French Polynesia (PF), Syria (SY), Aruba (AW), Cambodia (KH), French Guiana (GF), Eritrea (ER), Cape Verde (CV), Burundi (BI), Benin (BJ) Bosnia-Herzegovina (BA), Andorra (Ad), Guadeloupe (GP), Guernsey (GG), Isle of Man (IM), Jersey (JE), Lao (LA), Maldives (MV), Marshall Islands (MH), Mauritania (MR), Northern Mariana Islands (MP), Rwanda (RW), Togo (TG), Yemen (YE), Zaire (ZR) Top 10 Domains by Host #: com, edu, internet, uk, de, jp, us, mil, ca, au Hacks of the Year: US Dept of Justice (17 Aug), CIA (19 Sep), Air Force (29 Dec), UK Labour Party (6 Dec), NASA DDCSOL - USAFE - US Air Force (30 Dec) Technologies of the Year: Engines like google, JAVA, Internet Phone Emerging Technologies: Virtual environments (VRML), Collaborative instruments, Internet equipment (Network Computer) 1997 2000th RFC: "Internet Official Protocol Standards" 71,618 mailing lists registered at Liszt, a mailing record listing The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) is established to handle administration and registration of IP numbers to the geographical areas currently dealt with by Network Solutions (InterNIC), starting March 1998. CA*web II launched in June to offer Canada's subsequent generation Internet using ATM/SONET In protest of the DNS monopoly, AlterNIC's proprietor, Eugene Kashpureff, hacks DNS so users going to www.internic.web find yourself at www.alternic.net Domain title business.com offered for US$150,000 Early in the morning of 17 July, human error at Network Solutions causes the DNS table for .com and .web domains to turn into corrupted, making thousands and thousands of programs unreachable. Longest hostname registered with InterNIC: CHALLENGER.MED.SYNAPSE.UAH.UALBERTA.CA 101,803 Name Servers in whois database RFC 2100: The Naming of Hosts Country domains registered: Falkland Islands (FK), East Timor (TP), R of Congo (CG), Christmas Island (CX), Gambia (GM), Guinea-Bissau (GW), Haiti (HT), Iraq (IQ), Libya (LY), Malawi (MW), Martinique (MQ), Montserrat (MS), Myanmar (MM), French Reunion Island (RE), Seychelles (SC), Sierra Leone (SL), Somalia (SO), Sudan (SD), Tajikistan (TJ), Turkmenistan (TM), Turks and Caicos Islands (TC), British Virgin Islands (VG), Heard and McDonald Islands (HM), French Southern Territories (TF), British Indian Ocean Territory (IO), Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (SJ), St Pierre and Miquelon (PM), St Helena (SH), South Georgia/Sandwich Islands (GS), Sao Tome and Principe (ST), Ascension Island (AC), US Minor Outlying Islands (UM), Mayotte (YT), Wallis and Futuna Islands (WF), Tokelau Islands (TK), Chad Republic (TD), Afghanistan (AF), Cocos Island (CC), Bouvet Island (BV), Liberia (LR), American Samoa (AS), Niue (NU), Equatorial New Guinea (GQ), Bhutan (BT), Pitcairn Island (PN), Palau (PW), DR of Congo (CD) Top 10 Domains by Host #: com, edu, net, jp, uk, de, us, au, ca, mil Hacks of the Year: Indonesian Govt (19 Jan, 10 Feb, 24 Apr, 30 Jun, 22 Nov), NASA (5 Mar), UK Conservative Party (27 Apr), Spice Girls (14 Nov) Technologies of the Year: Push, Multicasting Emerging Technologies: Push 1998 Hobbes' Internet Timeline is launched as RFC 2235 & FYI 32 US Depart of Commerce (DoC) releases the Green Paper outlining its plan to privatize DNS on 30 January. This is adopted up by a White Paper on June 5 La Fête de l'Internet, a country-huge Internet fest, is held in France 20-21 March Web dimension estimates range between 275 (Digital) and 320 (NEC) million pages for 1Q Companies flock to the Turkmenistan NIC with a view to register their identify beneath the .tm area, the English abbreviation for trademark Internet users get to be judges in a performance by 12 world champion ice skaters on 27 March, marking the primary time a tv sport present's final result is set by its viewers. Network Solutions registers its 2 millionth domain on 4 May Electronic postal stamps change into a reality, with the US Postal Service permitting stamps to be purchased and downloaded for printing from the net. Canada kicks off CA*internet 3, the first nationwide optical web CDA II and a ban on Net taxes are signed into US legislation (21 October) ABCNews.com by chance posts test US election returns in the future early (2 November) Indian ISP market is deregulated in November causing a rush for ISP operation licenses US DoC enters into an agreement with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Numbers (ICANN) to ascertain a process for transitioning DNS from US Government administration to trade (25 November) San Francisco websites with out off-city mirrors go offline as the town blacks out on eight December Chinese government puts Lin Hai on trial for "inciting the overthrow of state power" for providing 30,000 email addresses to a US Internet journal (December) [ He is later sentenced to 2 years in jail ] French Internet customers give up their access on thirteen December to boycott France Telecom's native cellphone prices (that are in addition to the ISP cost) US$1M+ Domain Sales: Altavista.com (3.3M) to Compaq Open source software program comes of age RFC 2321: RITA -- The Reliable Internetwork Troubleshooting Agent RFC 2322: Management of IP numbers by peg-dhcp RFC 2323: IETF Identification and Security Guidelines RFC 2324: Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol (HTCPCP/1.0) Country domains registered: Nauru (NR), Comoros (KM) Bandwidth Generators: Winter Olympics (Feb), World Cup (Jun-Jul), Starr Report (eleven Sep), Glenn space launch Top 10 Domains by Host #: com, net, edu, mil, jp, us, uk ,de, ca, au Hacks of the Year: US Dept of Commerce (20 Feb), New York Times (13 Sep), China Society for Human Rights Studies (26 Oct), UNICEF (7 Jan) Technologies of the Year: E-Commerce, E-Auctions, Portals Emerging Technologies: E-Trade, XML, Intrusion Detection 1999 Internet access turns into out there to the Saudi Arabian (.sa) public in January vBNS sets up an OC48 hyperlink between CalREN South and North utilizing Juniper M40 routers IBM turns into the first Corporate companion to be authorised for Internet2 access European Parliament proposes banning the caching of Web pages by ISPs The Internet Fiesta kicks off in March across Europe, building on the success of La Fête de l'Internet held in 1998 US State Court rules that domain names are property that may be garnished MCI/Worldcom, the vBNS supplier for NSF, begins upgrading the US backbone to 2.5Gbps A cast Web page made to appear like a Bloomberg financial information story raised shares of a small technology company by 31% on 7 April. ICANN declares the 5 testbed registrars for the competitive Shared Registry System on 21 April: AOL, CORE, France Telecom/Oléane, Melbourne IT, Register.com. 29 additional put up-testbed registrars are also selected on 21 April, followed by eight on 25 May, 15 on 6 July, and so forth for a total of 98 by yr's end. The testbed, initially scheduled to final till 24 June, is prolonged till 10 September, and then 30 November. The primary registrar to come back online is Register.com on 7 June SETI@Home launches on 17 May and within 4 weeks its distributed Internet purchasers provide more computing power than the most powerful supercomputer of its time (:par:) First large-scale Cyberwar takes place concurrently with the warfare in Serbia/Kosovo Abilene, the Internet2 community, reaches across the Atlantic and connects to NORDUnet and SURFnet The online becomes the focal level of British politics as a listing of MI6 agents is released on a UK Web site. Though forced to take away the record from the location, it was too late as the list had already been replicated across the online. (15 May) Activists Net-huge target the world's monetary centers on 18 June, timed to coincide with the G8 Summit. Little actual impact is reported. MCI/Worldcom launches vBNS+, a commercialized version of vBNS focused at smaller instructional and analysis establishments DoD issues a memo requiring all US navy programs to attach through NIPRNET, and never directly to the Internet by 15 Dec 1999 (22 Aug) Somalia will get its first ISP - Olympic Computer (Sep) ISOC approves the formation of the Internet Societal Task Force (ISTF). Vint Cerf serves as first chair Free computers are all the craze (so long as you signal a long run contract for Net service) Country domains registered: Bangladesh (BD), Palestine (PS) vBNS reaches a hundred and one connections US$1M+ Domain Sales: business.com (7.5M on 30 Nov), Wine.com (2.9M), Autos.com (2.2M), WallStreet.com (1M in Apr) RFC 2549: IP over Avian Carriers with Quality of Service RFC 2550: Y10K and Beyond RFC 2551: The Roman Standards Process -- Revision III RFC 2555: 30 Years of RFCs RFC 2626: The Internet and the Millennium Problem (Year 2000) Top 10 TLDs by Host #: com, internet, edu, jp, uk, mil, us, de, ca, au Hacks of the Year: Star Wars (8 Jan), .tp (Jan), USIA (23 Jan), E-Bay (13 Mar), US Senate (27 May), NSI (2 Jul), Paraguay Gov't (20 Jul), AntiOnline (5 Aug), Microsoft (26 Oct), UK Railtrack (31 Dec) Technologies of the Year: E-Trade, Online Banking, MP3 Emerging Technologies: Net-Cell Phones, Thin Computing, Embedded Computing Viruses of the Year: Melissa (March), ExploreZip (June) 2000s

2000 The US timekeeper (USNO) and a few different time services world wide report the brand new 12 months as 19100 on 1 Jan A massive denial of service attack is launched towards major websites, including Yahoo, Amazon, and eBay in early February Web measurement estimates by NEC-RI and Inktomi surpass 1 billion indexable pages ICANN redelegates the .pn area, returning it to the Pitcairn Island group (February) Internet2 spine community deploys IPv6 (16 May) Various area title hijackings passed off in late May and early June, together with web.com, bali.com, and internet.internet A testbed allowing the registration of domain names in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean begins operation on 9 November. This testbed, created by VeriSign with out IETF authorization, only allows the second-level area to be non-English, nonetheless forcing use of .com, .web, .org. The Chinese government blocks internal registrations, stating that registrations in Chinese are its sovereignty proper ICANN selects new TLDs: .aero, .biz, .coop, .data, .museum, .title, .professional (16 Nov) Mexico's connection to Internet2 becomes absolutely operational as the California research network (CalREN-2) is related with Mexico's Corporación Universitaria para el Desarrollo de Internet (CUDI) network. Though connected in November, the hyperlink's inauguration by California's Governor and Mexico's President was not till March of 2001. After months of authorized proceedings, the French court guidelines Yahoo! must block French customers from accessing hate memorabilia in its public sale site (Nov). Given its inability to provide such a block on the web, Yahoo! removes these auctions fully (Jan 2001). The case is finally thrown out (Feb 2003). The European Commission contracts with a consortium of 30 nationwide analysis networks for the event of Géant, Europe's new gigabit research community meant to boost the present functionality provided by TEN-155 (6 Nov) Australian authorities endorses the transfer of authority for the .au area to auDA (18 Dec). ICANN indicators over management to auDA on 26 Oct 2001. US$1M+ Domain Sales: AsSeenOnTV.com (5.1M) RFC 2795: The Infinite Monkey Protocol Suite Hacks of the Year: RSA Security (Feb), Apache (May), Western Union (Sep), Microsoft (Oct) Technologies of the Year: ASP, Napster Emerging Technologies: Wireless devices, IPv6 Viruses of the Year: Love Letter (May) Lawsuits of the Year: Napster, DeCSS 2001 The first live distributed musical -- The Technophobe & The Madman -- over Internet2 networks debuts on 20 Feb VeriSign extends its multilingual domain testbed to encompass various European languages (26 Feb), and later the total Unicode character set (5 Apr) opening up a lot of the world's languages Forwarding electronic mail in Australia turns into unlawful with the passing of the Digital Agenda Act, as it is seen as a technical infringement of non-public copyright (4 Mar) Radio stations broadcasting over the online go silent over actor royalty disputes (10 Apr) High faculties in five states (Michigan, Missouri, Oregon, Virginia, and Washington) turn out to be the first to achieve Internet2 entry US Dept of Commerce issues a notice of intent on 6 April to turn over administration for the .edu domain from VeriSign to Educause. Award agreement is reached on 29 October. Community colleges will lastly be capable to register beneath .edu Napster retains discovering itself embroiled in litigation and is finally pressured to suspend service; it comes again later within the year as a subscription service European Council finalizes a world cybercrime treaty on 22 June and adopts it on 9 November. This is the first treaty addressing criminal offenses dedicated over the Internet. .biz and .info are added to the foundation server on 27 June with registrations starting in July. .biz domain go live on 7 Nov. Afghanistan's Taliban bans Internet entry nation-extensive, together with from Government workplaces, in an try to manage content (13 Jul) Code Red worm and Sircam virus infiltrate 1000's of web servers and e mail accounts, respectively, causing a spike in Internet bandwidth usage and safety breaches (July) A fire in a prepare tunnel operating by Baltimore, Maryland seriously damages various fiber-optic cable bundles utilized by spine suppliers, disrupting Internet traffic within the Mid-Atlantic states and creating a ripple effect throughout the US (18 Jul) Brazil RNP2 is linked to Internet2's Abilene over 45Mbps line (21 Aug) GÉANT, the pan-European Gigabit Research and Education Network, becomes operational (23 Oct), replacing the TEN-155 network which was closed down (30 Nov) .museum begins resolving (Nov) First uncompressed actual-time gigabit HDTV transmission throughout a large-area IP network takes place on Internet2 (12 Nov). Dutch SURFnet and Internet2's Abilene join by way of gigabit ethernet (15 Nov) .us domain operational responsibility assumed by NeuStar (20 Nov) Email relay established by Sili Bank between Pyongyang, North Korea and Shenyang, China US$1M+ Domain Sales: Insure.com (16.M in Dec) RFC 3091: Pi Digit Generation Protocol RFC 3092: Etymology of "Foo" RFC 3093: Firewall Enhancement Protocol (FEP) Viruses of the Year: Code Red (Jul), Nimda (Sep), SirCam (Jul), BadTrans (Apr, Nov) Emerging Technologies: Grid Computing, P2P 2002 US ISP Association (USISPA) is created from the former CIX (11 Jan) .name begins resolving (15 Jan) .coop registrations begin (30 Jan) Global Terabit Research Network (GTRN) is formed composed of two OC-forty eight 2.4GB circuits connecting Internet2 Abiline, CANARIE CA*net3, and GÉANT (18 Feb) .aero registrations start 18 March and beings resolving 2 September Federally acknowledged US Indian tribes develop into eligible to register below .gov (26 Apr) Hundreds of Internet radio stations observe a Day of Silence in protest of proposed track royalty charge will increase (1 May) The very best wi-fi network within the northeast US is deployed by this Timeline's writer. The photo voltaic-powered community bridges Mounts Washington and Wildcat in New Hampshire Abilene (Internet2) backbone deploys native IPv6 (5 Aug) The 69/eight IP range is allocated to ARIN in August after having been within the bogon record; customers and servers assigned a 69/8 handle find themselves blocked from many Internet websites Internet2 now has 200 college, 60 company, and 40 affiliate members (2 Sep) Having your individual Blog becomes hip Hundreds of Spain-based web pages take their content offline in protest of a brand new law that took effect on 12 Oct requiring all industrial Web pages to register with the federal government A distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack struck the 13 DNS root servers knocking out all however 5 (21-23 Oct). Amidst national safety issues, VeriSign hastens a planned relocation of considered one of its two DNS root servers A new US regulation creates a kids-secure "dot-children" area (kids.us) to be carried out in 2003 (3 Dec) The FBI groups up with Terras Lycos to disseminate virtual needed posts across the online portal's properties (11 Dec) RFC 3251: Electricity over IP RFC 3252: Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport 2003 Public Interest Registry (PIR) takes over as .org registry operator on 1 Jan. Transition is accomplished on 27 Jan. By giving up .org, VeriSign is able to retain control over .com domains The first official Swiss on-line election takes place in Anières (7 Jan) The registration for area ogrish.com is deleted (11 Jan) by the German registrar Joker.com on the request of a German prosecutor claiming objectionable content material; the positioning nevertheless is hosted within the United States and complies with US legal guidelines. The SQL Slammer worm causes one in all the biggest and fastest spreading DDoS attacks ever. Taking roughly 10 minutes to spread worldwide, the worm took down 5 of the 13 DNS root servers together with tens of 1000's of other servers, and impacted a large number of systems starting from (financial institution) ATM methods to air visitors management to emergency (911) programs (25 Jan). This is followed in August by the Sobig.F virus (19 Aug), the quickest spreading virus ever, and the Blaster (MSBlast) worm (11 Aug), another one of the vital destructive worms ever Columbia University Professor Tim Wu coins the term Net Neutrality okay.root-servers.internet modifications to using nsd vs. bind to extend range of software program in the root identify server system (19 Feb) .nl registrations open up to anyone, including people and foreigners (29 Jan); .se also opens up its registration in April. .af is redelegated on eight Jan and turns into reside as soon as once more on 12 Feb with UNDP technical help. First domains are moc.gov.af and undp.org.af (15 Feb) .professional sunrise registration begins 23 Apr beneath .cpa.professional, .legislation.professional, .med.professional Flash mobs, organized over the net, begin in New York and shortly form in cities worlwide Taxes make headlines as: larger US Internet retailers begin accumulating taxes on all purchases; some US states tax Internet bandwidth; and the EU requires all Internet firms to collect value added tax (VAT) on digital downloads starting 1 July The French Ministry of Culture bans the usage of the phrase "e-mail" by government ministries, and adopts using the extra French sounding "courriel" (Jul) KRNIC begins offering Hangeul.kr domains (19 Aug) .youngsters.us sunrise registration begins 17 June and public registration on 9 Sep The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) sues 261 people on 8 Sep for allegedly distributing copyright music recordsdata over peer-to-peer networks VeriSign deploys a wildcard service (Site Finder) into the .com and .web TLDs causing a lot confusion as URLs with invalid domains are redirected to a VeriSign page (15 Sep). ICANN orders VeriSign to stop the service, which they adjust to on four Oct Last Abilene phase upgraded to 10Gbps (5 Nov) National LambdaRail introduced as a brand new US R&D networking infrastructure (16 Sep). The primary connection takes place between Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) and Extensible Terascale Facility (ETF) in Chicago (18 Nov) Little GLORIAD (Global Ring Network for Advanced Application Development) begins operations (22 Dec), consisting of a networked ring across the northern hemisphere with connections in Chicago, Amsterdam, Moscow, Novosibirsk, Zabajkal'sk, Manzhouli, Beijing, and Hong Kong. That is the first-ever fiber community connections across the Russia-China border RFC 3514: The safety Flag within the IPv4 Header (The Evil Bit) 2004 For the primary time, there are more cases of DNS root servers exterior the US with the launch of an anycast instance of the RIPE NCC operated K-root server Abiline, the Internet2 spine, upgrade from 2.5Gbps to 10Gbps is accomplished (four Feb) Thefacebook launches (four Feb) Network Solutions begins providing a hundred yr domain registration (24 Mar) One of the .ly nameservers stops responding (7 Apr) causing the opposite nameserver to go offline (9 Apr), making the domain inaccessible. Service is restored thirteen Apr ICANN authorizes new gTLDs: .asia, .cat, .jobs, .mobi, .tel, and .journey VeriSign Naming and Directory Service (VNDS) begins updating all thirteen .com/.web authoritative title servers in close to actual-time vs. twice each day (8 Sep) Lycos Europe releases a display saver to help battle spam by protecting spam servers busy with requests (1 Dec). The service is discontinued inside just a few days after backbone providers block access to the download site and the service causes some servers to crash. Verizon begins blocking all e-mail site visitors from European ISPs on 22 Dec in an attempt to abate spam from the area into its US community CERNET2, the first spine IPv6 community in China, is launched by the China Education and Research Network (CERN) connecting 25 universities in 20 cities at speeds of 1-10Gbps (27 Dec) US$1M+ Domain Sales: CreditCards.com (2.75M) Emerging Technologies: Social networking, Web mashups RFC 3751: Omniscience Protocol Requirements 2005 .jobs, .mobi, and .journey begin accepting registrations .se becomes the first ccTLD to implement DNSSEC Estonia gives Internet voting nationally for local elections Pakistan suffers a close to full Internet outage as a submarine cable becomes defective (Jun) Two feuding suppliers (Cogent, Level 3) sever their peering connection leading to many purchasers from one supplier not being able to entry assets on the other's community (Oct) Number of Internet users reaches 1 Billion (Oct) .eu (European Union) launches on 7 Dec US$1M+ Domain Sales: Fish.com (1.02M) RFC 4041: Requirements for Morality Sections in Routing Area Drafts RFC 4042: UTF-9 and UTF-18 Efficient Transformation Formats of Unicode 2006 .cat registrations start for Catalan-associated domains Zimbabwe looses most of its Internet entry after its satellite connectivity is lower by the provider for non-payment ICANN lifts value controls on .biz, .information, and .org domains, after the identical was completed for .internet in 2005, raising fears of tiered pricing the place common domains would cost more US Government prohibits private (anonymized) domain registrations for .us after 26 Jan First tweet is sent out by Jack Dorsey (21 Mar) -- "just setting up my twttr" ICANN board votes against .xxx TLD (10 May), only to approve it 5 years later The 6bone, an IPv6 testbed, is phased out after 10 years operation (6 Jun) .ax (Åland Islands) ccTLD comes into service on 15 Aug .cm registry implements wildcard domains redirecting all .com typos to its personal page (Aug) Internet2 connectivity begins switching from Abilene to its new community (Nov) Internet connectivity to southeast Asia is severely limited after major fiber optic lines are severely damaged by an earthquake in Taiwan and subsequent underwater muslides (Dec) North Korean email relay upgraded to an always-on connection US$1M+ Domain Sales: Sex.com (14M?), Diamond.com (7.5M), Vodka.com (3M), Cameras.com (1.5M) Emerging Technologies: Cloud computing 2007 ICANN drops .um area title (US minor outlying islands) for lack of use (Jan) Estonia offers the first on-line nationwide parliamentary elections on 26-28 Feb ICANN terminates RegisterFly.com's registrar status on sixteen Mar (efficient 31 Mar) Internet2 visitors within the Northeast US is disrupted on 1 May when a homeless man starts a hearth beneath a Boston bridge inflicting a fiber break Use of #hashtag proposed by Tweeter person number 1,186, Chris Messina (23 Aug) Internet2's Abilene network is retired (Sep) because the last connections are switched over to the new Level three network Internet2 completes US East to West coast span of its 100GB/s community on 9 Oct .asia sunrise interval begins in October US$1M+ Domain Sales: Porn.com (9.5M), Computer.com (2.1M), Seniros.com (1.8M), Tandberg.com (1.5M), Scores.com, Vista.com (1.25M), Chinese.com (1.12M), Guy.com (1M), Topix.com (1M) RFC 4824: The Transmission of IP Datagrams over the Semaphore Flag Signaling System (SFSS) 2008 NASA successfully exams the primary deep area communications community modeled on the internet, using the Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN) software to transmit photographs to/from a science spacecraft ~20 million miles above Earth Google's crawler reaches 1 trillion pages, though solely a fraction are indexed by the search engine. For comparability, Google's unique index had 26 million pages in 1998, and reached 1 billion in 2000 The Middle East, India, and different parts of Africa and Asia see a major degradation in Internet service, together with outages, after several undersea cables carrying Internet site visitors to the area are reduce inside 1 week (Jan-Feb) IPv6 addresses are added for the primary time to six of the basis zone servers (4 Feb) YouTube turns into unreacheable for a couple of hours after Pakistan Telecom starts an unauthorized announcement of YouTube's subnet prefix (24 Feb) US$1M+ Domain Sales: Fund.com (9.9M), Clothes.com (4.9M), Shopping.de (2.8M), Kredit.de (1.17M), Cruises.co.uk (1.09M), Invest.com (1.01M) RFC 5241: Naming Rights in IETF Protocols RFC 5242: A Generalized Unified Character Code: Western European and CJK Sections 2009 DNSSEC turns into operational on .gov (28 Feb), .org (2 Jun), .us (15 Dec) .tel registrations start Bitcoins start being minted US Department of Commerce relaxes management over ICANN, in favor of a multi-national oversight group Domain tasting gets severely curtailed after ICANN raises the 2008-introduced fee for erroneously registered domains from $0.20 to $6.95; area kiting however conitnues Twitter is asked by the US Government to delay deliberate maintenance of its service on 15 June on account of heavy use by Iranian users during unrest in that nation .se domains turn into unreachable for an hour on 12 Oct after an incorrectly configured software program replace modifies all registrations ICANN opens up applications for internationalized domain names (16 Nov) Crowdfunding becomes a popular technique of elevating startup funds; Kickstart founded on April 28 Emerging Technologies: Location consciousness US$1M+ Domain Sales: Insure.com (16M in Oct), Toys.com (5.1M in Feb), Auction.com (1.7M in Mar), Candy.com (3M in Jun), Webcam.com (1.02M in Jun), Fly.com (1.76M), Call.com (1.1M in Sep), Ticket.com (1.53M in Oct), Russia.com (1.5M in Dec) RFC 5513: IANA Considerations for three Letter Acronyms RFC 5514: IPv6 over Social Networks 2010s

2010 Astronaut T.J. Creamer inaugurates the brand new International Space Station direct link to the Internet (aka Crew Support LAN) with a tweet (22 Jan) -- "Hello Twitterverse! We r now Live tweeting from the International Space Station -- the 1st stay tweet from Space! :) More quickly, ship your ?s" A Chinese root DNS server is taken offline after disrupting some services in Chile and US (Mar) Google announces on 22 January that along with 20+ other US firms, it had been the goal of a cyber assault originating in China, and on 22 March stops censoring its services in China Google+ service launches in public beta on 28 June; surpasses 10M users in Jul 2011, 100M in Feb 2012, and 400M in Sep 2012 Root DNS zone digitally signed (DNSSEC) for first time (15 Jul) Number of registered domain attain 200M (~ Aug) A BGP experiment between RIPE NCC and Duke U results in a partial Internet outage (27 Aug) US Senate authorizes US Dept of Homeland Security to seize domains of websites suspected of piracy (Nov) Myanmar is briefly taken offline by a denial of service attack (Nov) Verisign announced DNSSEC deployed to .web (10 Dec) Photo-sharing sees a renewal with the launch of social-based mostly providers comparable to Pinterest and Instagram US$1M+ Domain Sales: Poker.org (1M in Feb), Flying.com (1.1M in Apr), Photo.com (1.25M in May), Dating.com (1.75M in Jun), Slots.com (5.5M in Jun), fb.com (8.5M in Sep), Zip.com (1.6M in Oct), Sex.com (13M on 17 Nov) RFC 5841: TCP Option to denote Packet Mood 2011 LinkedIn reaches 100M users (Mar); surpasses 200M in Jan 2013 Egypt shuts down its final ISP on 31 Jan and stays offline for 2 days Number Resource Organization (NRO) broadcasts full depletion of obtainable IPv4 addresses free pool (three Feb) US Dept of Homeland Defense seizes 10 domains, including mistakenly mooo.com which hosted 84,000 web sites and stay unavailable for 2 days (eleven Feb) Internet site visitors in Lybia is significantly curtailed for several days in February APNIC releases final block of IPv4 deal with in its available pool (14 Apr) .xxx goes reside in root servers (15 Apr) First non-Latin TLDs (IDN) are inserted into root zone (5 May): مصر (Egypt), السعودية (AlSaudiah), امارات (Emarat) Millions of .de domains unreachable for hours (12 May) World IPv6 Day is eight June Number of Internet customers reaches 2 Billion (Nov) US$1M+ Domain Sales: DomainName.com (1M in May), Social.com (2.6M in Jul), Box.com (1M in Jul) RFC 5984: Increasing Throughput in IP Networks with ESP-Based Forwarding: ESPBasedForwarding RFC 6214: Adaptation of RFC 1149 for IPv6 RFC 6217: Regional Broadcast Using an Atmospheric Link Layer 2012 ICANN begins accepting purposes for new generic prime-level domains (gTLDs) on 12 Jan Facebook reaches 1 billion month-to-month lively users (604M cell) on 14 Sep @ 12:50pm PT, with 581M daily on common Amazon becomes the largest internet hosting location by number of net-facing computers (118k), knocking China Telecom from first place (116k) Canadian online sports activities gambling firm Bodog has its .com domain identify ceased by US Dept of Homeland Security, causing concern amongst international companies that may be afoul of US legal guidelines and whose TLDs have US registries World IPv6 Launch is 6 June Minitel shuts down at the end of June GoDaddy service goes down, making tens of millions of web sites inaccessible for a number of hours (10 Sep) RIPE NCC distributes final blocks of IPv4 handle space from accessible pool (14 Sep) Twitter surpasses 200M active customers (Dec), and 500M tweets per day (Oct) NASA's Curiosity Rover checks-in on FourSquare from Mars (three Oct) PKNIC is hacked and 284 Pakistani web pages, including apple.pk and google.pk, appear defaced (24 Nov) Syria is disconnected from the Internet for 2 days (29 Nov - 1 Dec) "Gangnam Style" turns into the first YouTube video to achieve 1 billion views (21 Dec) US$1M+ Domain Sales: PersonalLoans.com (1M in Feb), GiftCard.com (4M in Oct), Investing.com (2.45M in Dec) RFC 6592: The Null Packet RFC 6593: Service Undiscovery Using Hide-and-Go-Seek for the Domain Pseudonym System (DPS) 2013 Netflix and YouTube account for over 50% of Internet traffic measured by bytes New gTLDs added to domain title root zone (24 Oct): شبكة (web), онлайн (on-line), сайт (site), and 游戏 (sport) US National Security Agency (NSA) is revealed to be accumulating considerable more Internet information than beforehand thought, including encrypted data from main Internet websites Yahoo hacked with credentials of three billion accounts stolen, not found till years later US$1M+ Domain Sales: ig.com (4.7M in Sep), 114.com (2.1M in Jul), ebet.com (1.35M in Oct), kk.com (2.4M in Nov) RFC 6919: Further Key Words for use in RFCs to point Requirement Levels RFC 6921: Design Considerations for Faster-Than-Light (FTL) Communication The variety of Internet hosts surpass 1billion (see chart below) 2014 Most of the Internet site visitors in China is redirected to US-primarily based Dynamic Internet Technology for over an hour (21 Jan) Registration begins for the first few of a whole bunch new Latin gTLDs, including .guru, .bike, .clothing, .holdings, .ventures, .singles, and .plumbing (29 Jan) .py ccTLD hacked -- full whois registry knowledge leaked and domains redirected (e.g., google.com.py) (20 Feb) The variety of Web servers surpass 1billion (see chart below) ICANN proclaims that it has begun allocating the remaining IPv4 addresses to the 5 regional Internet registries after LACNIC's supply dropped to below eight million (20 May) After an EU courtroom ruling requiring Google to honor "requests to be forgotten", 12,000 requests are submitted in the primary day (30 May) Many networks are taken offline resulting from a Verizon glitch introducing hundreds of latest prefixes into the global routing desk, inflicting in style however unpatched Cisco routers to achieve their 512,000 restrict and crash (12 Aug) RFC 7168: The Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol for Tea Efflux Appliances (HTCPCP-TEA) RFC 7169: The NSA (No Secrecy Afforded) Certificate Extension Hacks of the Year: Sony Pictures, Home Depot, JP Morgan, eBay Bugs of the 12 months: Heartbleed (Dec 2011 - 7 Apr), Poodle (Nov 1996 - 14 Oct), Shellshock (Sep 1989 - 24 Sep) ICANN area public sale gross sales (US$): .tech (6.76M), .realty (5.59M), .salon (5.1M), .purchase (4.6M), .mls (3.359M), .baby (3.09M), .vip (3M), .spot (2.2M) US$1M+ Domain Sales: mm.com (1.2M in Jul), intercourse.xxx (3M in Jun), medicare.com (4.8M in May), mi.com (3.6M in Apr), 37.com (1.96M in Mar), youxi.com (2.43M in Mar), whisky.com (3.1M in Jan) 2015 A Georgian scavenging for copper cuts off much of the Internet in neighbouring Armenia when her spade slices a buried cable (28 Mar) Largest TLDs by zone measurement as of 2Q: .com, .tk, .de, .net, .cn, .uk, .org, .ru, .nl, .data Largest ccTLDs by zone size as of 2Q: .tk, .de, .cn, .uk, .ru, .nl, .eu, .br, .au, .fr HTTP header "X-Clacks-Overhead: GNU Terry Pratchett" is served by ~84,000 websites (Jun) 3 months after Sir Pratchett's loss of life Let's Encrypt holds key ceremony to generate the basis key and intermediary certificates for its free certificate authority (four Jun) and issues the primary certificate for helloworld.letsencrypt.org on 14 Sep U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) internet neutrality rule takes impact (12 Jun) ARIN activates IPv4 Unmet Requests coverage, rejecting an IPv4 block request for the first time (1 Jul). ARIN's free pool depletes on 24 Sep. Out of one hundred billion monthly Google searches, those from mobile units surpass desktops for the primary time 1 billion users (1 in 7 individuals on Earth) access Facebook on a single day (24 Aug) IANA designates .onion a special use area for nameless hidden services on the Tor community (9 Sep) WordPress powers 25% of internet sites as of early November Most of the inner Internet connectivity in Azerbaijan is misplaced on account of a fire in a telecommunications facility (sixteen Nov) RFC 7511: Scenic Routing for IPv6 RFC 7514: Really Explicit Congestion Notification (RECN) Hacks of the Year: US Office of Personnel Management, Ashley Madison, Anthem, T-Mobile, IRS ICANN domain public sale gross sales (US$): .app (25M), .accommodations (2.2M), .ping (1.5M) US$1M+ Domain Sales: Porno.com (8.8M in Feb), PX.com (1M in Sep), 588.com (1M in Sep) 2016 Internet Society celebrates 25th anniversary (1 Jan) Let's Encrypt issues millionth certificate (8 Mar), 2M (21 Apr), 10M (9 Sep), 20M (27 Nov) ICANN introduces 1000th gTLD from 2012 application window (25 May) United Nations Human Rights Council adopts a resolution on the promotion, safety and enjoyment of human rights on the internet (27 Jun) A California District Court Judge grants a motion for what's thought to be the primary permitted serving of a lawsuit via Twitter (30 Sep) DDoS attacks wreak havoc across the Internet with some topping over 1Tbps in bandwidth and powered by over 150,000 hacked Internet devices Several prominent Internet sites become unreacheable as area infrastructure provider Dyn is knocked offline by a DDoS assault (21 Oct) IPv6 reaches 10% deployment globally, and becomes the dominant (>50%) Internet protocol for US mobile networks Coordination and administration of the Internet's distinctive identifiers transition to the personal sector because the IANA contract between ICANN and the US Dept of Commerce's NTIA expires (1 Oct) Yahoo discloses 500 million accounts compromised in 2014 (22 Sep) and that 1 billion accounts have been compromised in Aug 2013 (14 Dec) .cn surpasses .tk in ccTLD zone measurement Annual world IP site visitors surpasses 1 zettabyte US$1M+ Domain Sales: HG.com (3.7M in Nov), Vivo.com (2.1M in Nov), Jade.com (1.25M in Jul), LA.com (1.2M in May) 2017 IETF enters into an settlement with the National Library of Sweden for archival of RFC collection in NLS' bunker (sixteen Jan) Dozens of politically motivated Internet shutdowns happen globally including in Cameroon (Jan-Apr), Togo (Sep), and Equatorial Guinea (Nov) (:db1:) Average quantity of encrypted site visitors on Firefox surpasses the common unencrypted quantity (Feb) and reaches 66% by year end dmoz.org, an early net listing, shuts down after 19 years (17 Mar) AfriNIC is the last Regional Internet Registry to run out of IPv4 addresses (Apr) WannaCry ransomware assault spreads to over one hundred fifty international locations (12 May) IPv6 connectivity marketed by 9M domain names and 23% of all networks Let's Encrypt reaches 100M certificates milestone (28 Jun) A safety researcher is able to "hijack" the .io TLD by registering expired nameserver domains (5 Jul) W3C introduced publication of Encrypted Media Extensions, a web-based digital-rights management functionality, leading to the primary enchantment request in its history (6 Jul) Equifax credit company discovers a breach of its programs that resulted within the disclosure of sensitive information on 145M+ people (29 Jul) Facebook and different social media providers are found to have been used by international governments to affect elections within the U.S. and different countries Google leaks 160,000 BGP routes in Chicago with 25,000+ of them for NTT OCN vastly impacting Internet site visitors in Japan (25 Aug) Hurricanes knock out Internet service to Puerto Rico and other Caribbean islands for prolonged intervals (Aug-Sep) Russia broadcasts plans to develop a backup DNS system to be used by BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) to be implemented inside one yr Zimbabwe loses most of its Internet access for a number of hours on account of simultaneous outages at two fundamental worldwide suppliers, including a tractor fiber lower in South Africa (5 Dec) IP addresses for Google, Facebook, Apple, and others, https://javup.org/ are re-routed to Russian supplier Megafon when considered one of its transit suppliers leak route knowledge to the worldwide Internet (12 Dec) U.S. FCC votes to repeal internet neutrality (14 Dec) AOL Instant Messenger (Aim) and CompuServe Forums cease service after 20+ years (15 Dec) U.S. Library of Congress declares it would stop archiving every tweet at year end Facebook reaches 2 billion active monthly users, YouTube 1.5B, WhatsApp 1.2B, WeChat 889M, Instagram 700M, Twitter 330M Variety of domain name registrations throughout all TLDs surpasses 330M, with 130M in .com, 145M across ccTLDs, and 21M across new gTLDs, as of 3Q Largest TLDs by zone dimension as of 3Q: .com, .cn, .tk, .de, .internet, .uk, .org, .ru, .info, .nl Largest ccTLDs by zone size as of 3Q: .cn, .tk, .de, .uk, .ru, .nl, .br, .eu, .au, .fr Largest new international TLD (ngTLDs) as of 3Q: .xyz, .mortgage, .top, .win, .membership, .online, .vip, .wang, .bid, .site RFC 8135: Complex Addressing in IPv6 RFC 8136: Additional Transition Functionality for IPv6 RFC 8140: The Arte of ASCII: Or, An True and Accurate Representation of an Menagerie of Thynges Fabulous and Wonderful in Ye Forme of Character US$1M+ Domain Sales: Fly.com (2.89M in May), ETH.com (2M in Oct), Freedom.com (2M in May), 01.com (1.82M in Feb), 20.com (1.75M in Apr), MyWorld.com (1.2M in Oct)

In the event you benefit from the Timeline or make use of it not directly, please let me know. Growth

Early Internet growth: Date Hosts | Date Hosts Networks Domains ----- --------- + ----- --------- -------- --------- 12/69 four | 07/89 130,000 650 3,900 06/70 9 | 10/89 159,000 837 10/70 eleven | 10/ninety 313,000 2,063 9,300 12/70 thirteen | 01/91 376,000 2,338 04/71 23 | 07/91 535,000 3,086 16,000 10/72 31 | 10/91 617,000 3,556 18,000 01/seventy three 35 | 01/ninety two 727,000 4,526 06/seventy four sixty two | 04/ninety two 890,000 5,291 20,000 03/77 111 | 07/ninety two 992,000 6,569 16,300 12/seventy nine 188 | 10/ninety two 1,136,000 7,505 18,a hundred 08/81 213 | 01/93 1,313,000 8,258 21,000 05/eighty two 235 | 04/ninety three 1,486,000 9,722 22,000 08/83 562 | 07/ninety three 1,776,000 13,767 26,000 10/eighty four 1,024 | 10/93 2,056,000 16,533 28,000 10/eighty five 1,961 | 01/ninety four 2,217,000 20,539 30,000 02/86 2,308 | 07/94 3,212,000 25,210 46,000 11/86 5,089 | 10/ninety four 3,864,000 37,022 56,000 12/87 28,174 | 01/ninety five 4,852,000 39,410 71,000 07/88 33,000 | 07/ninety five 6,642,000 61,538 120,000 10/88 56,000 | 01/96 9,472,000 93,671 240,000 01/89 80,000 | 07/96 12,881,000 134,365 488,000 | 01/97 16,146,000 828,000 | 07/97 19,540,000 1,301,000 Hosts = a pc system with registered ip handle (an A record) Networks = registered class A/B/C addresses Domains = registered area identify (with identify server file) Figure: Internet Domains (1989-1997) [see beneath for 2000-] Figure: Internet Networks Worldwide Networks Growth: (I)nternet (B)ITNET (U)UCP (F)IDONET (O)SI ____# Countries____ ____# Countries____ Date I B U F O Date I B U F O ----- --- --- --- --- --- ----- --- --- --- --- --- 09/91 31 forty seven seventy nine forty nine 02/94 sixty two 51 125 88 31 12/91 33 46 78 fifty three 07/94 seventy five fifty two 129 89 31 02/ninety two 38 46 ninety two sixty three 11/ninety four 81 fifty one 133 ninety five -- 04/ninety two forty 47 ninety sixty six 25 02/ninety five 86 48 141 98 -- 08/92 49 46 89 67 26 06/95 96 47 144 ninety nine -- 01/93 50 50 one hundred and one seventy two 31 06/96 134 -- 146 108 -- 04/ninety three fifty six fifty one 107 79 31 07/97 171 -- 147 108 -- 08/ninety three fifty nine 51 117 eighty four 31 Figure: Worldwide Networks Growth Domain Name Registrations: Figure: Domain Name Registrations (2000-) Internet Hosts: Figure: Internet Hosts

click on right here for a chart showing the logarithmic development of the Internet WWW Growth: Figure: WWW Growth

click on here for a chart exhibiting the logarithmic progress of the Web pages = Number of net servers (one host might have a number of sites by utilizing completely different domains or port numbers) Notes on causes of signifant increases/drops: - Feb'09 enhance doubtless due to 20M new Chinese sites served by qq.com - Aug'09 drop likely on account of domain expiry on the Planet, including 5M .pl domains served from one IP alleged to be a linkfarm - Jan'10 drop doubtless due to qq.com blogs not being publically listed - Jul-Aug'12 drop brought on by removal of several wildcard hostnames with comparable content - Sep'12 drop caused by giant network of linkfarmed domains disappearing from below the .com TLD - Nov'14-Jan'15 drop largely caused by parked websites, with half attributed to a single IP ceasing to host them Facebook Growth: Figure: Facebook Accounts / Monthly Active Users (MAUs) USENET Growth: Date Sites ~MB ~Posts Groups | Date Sites ~MB ~Posts Groups ---- ----- --- ------ ------ + ---- ------- --- ------ ------ 1979 3 2 3 | 1987 5,200 2 957 259 1980 15 10 | 1988 7,800 four 1933 381 1981 150 0.05 20 | 1990 33,000 10 4,500 1,300 1982 400 35 | 1991 40,000 25 10,000 1,851 1983 600 120 | 1992 63,000 forty two 17,556 4,302 1984 900 225 | 1993 110,000 70 32,325 8,279 1985 1,300 1.0 375 | 1994 180,000 157 72,755 10,696 1986 2,200 2.0 946 241 | 1995 330,000 586 131,614 ~ approximate: MB - megabytes per day, Posts - articles per day Security (CERT/US-CERT) Stats: Date Incidents Advisories Vulnerabilities Tech Alerts ---- --------- ---------- --------------- ----------- 1988 6 1 1989 132 7 1990 252 12 1991 406 23 1992 773 21 1993 1,334 19 1994 2,340 15 1995 2,412 18 171 1996 2,573 27 345 1997 2,134 28 311 1998 3,734 thirteen 262 1999 9,859 17 417 2000 21,756 22 774 2001 52,658 37 2,437 2002 82,094 37 4,129 2003 137,529 28 3,784 2004 3,780 27 2005 5,990 22 2006 8,064 39 2007 7,236 42 2008Q1-three 6,058 29 Hobbes' Internet Timeline FAQ

1. How do I get Hobbes' Internet Timeline? The Timeline is archived at http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/. There aren't any authorized mirrors for the Timeline. 2. Is the Timeline out there in other languages or editions? Chinese (Big5) by Tony Mao French by Didier Mainguy German by Michael Kaul Hungarian by Zsolt Boros Japanese (PDF) by Katsunori Tanaka Korean by Keonho Lee, KNIC Persian / Farsi (PDF) by Rahi Moosavi Portuguese by Simone Villas Boas If you are taken with translating to another language or format, e-mail me first 3. Can I re-print the Timeline or use parts of it for ... ? Drop me an electronic mail. The reply is most definitely (although don't assume) 'yes' for non-revenue use, and 'perhaps' for for-revenue; however to make certain you aren't going to interrupt any copyright laws, drop me an email and await a reply. Also, please notice that I get a bunch of requests with improperly formatted return e mail addresses. If you don't hear from me in per week (typical turn around is 0. Peddie (Ala Viva!), CWRU (North Side), Amici usque ad aras (PKP OH-EP), Colégio Andrews (Rio), Gordonstoun (Elgin) E-mail me if you know

javup.org Hobbes' Internet Timeline was compiled from a number of sources, with some of the stand-outs being: Cerf, Vinton (as told to Bernard Aboba). "How the Internet Came to Be." This article appears in "The Online User's Encyclopedia," by Bernard Aboba. Addison-Wesley, 1993. Hardy, Henry. "The History of the Net." Master's Thesis, School of Communications, Grand Valley State University. javup.org Hardy, Ian. "The Evolution of ARPANET email." History Thesis, UC Berkeley. javup.org Hauben, Ronda and Michael. "The Netizens and the Wonderful World of the Net." javup.org Kulikowski, Stan II. "A Timeline of Network History." (author's email below) Quarterman, John. "https://javup.org/." Bedford, MA: Digital Press. 1990 "ARPANET, the Defense Data Network, and Internet". Encyclopedia of Communications, Volume 1. Editors: Fritz Froehlich, Allen Kent. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1991 Internet growth summary compiled from: - Zone program reports maintained by Mark Lottor at Note: A more accurate host counting mechanism was used starting with 1/98 count. Now available at: http://www.isc.org - Connectivity table maintained by Larry Landweber at: ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/connectivity_table/ - ARPAnet maps published in various sources Domain name registrations compiled from Verisign reports. WWW growth summary compiled from: - Web growth summary page by Matthew Gray of MIT: http://www.mit.edu/people/mkgray/net/web-growth-summary.html - Netcraft at http://www.netcraft.com/survey/ USENET growth summary compiled from Quarterman and Hauben sources above, and news.lists postings. Lots of historical USENET postings also provided by Tom Fitzgerald (fitz@wang.com). CERT growth summary compiled from CERT reports at ftp://ftp.cert.org/ CERT stats are also now being made available by CERT at http://www.cert.org/stats/cert_stats.html Many of the URLs provided by Arnaud Dufour (arnaud.dufour@hec.unil.ch) Country-specific Internet Histories: - Australia - "Origins and Nature of the Internet in Australia " by Roger Clarke http://www.rogerclarke.com/II/OzI04.html - Australia - "It Started with a Ping" by Jennie Sinclair http://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/II/Anniv.html - Finland - "History of the Internet in Finland" http://www.isoc.fi/internet/internethistory_finland.html - Russia - "Chronology of the Russian Internet: 1990-1999" http://www.zhurnal.ru/staff/gorny/texts/ru_let/ - UK - "Early Experiences with the ARPANET and INTERNET in the UK" by Peter Kirstein http://nrg.cs.ucl.ac.uk/internet-history.html Additional books of interest: - "How the Web Was Born - The Story of the World Wide Web" by James Gillies and Robert Cailliau - "Weaving the Web : The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by its Inventor" by Tim Berners-Lee - "Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet" by Katie Hafner & Matthew Lyon - "Nerds 2.0.1: A Brief History of the Internet" by Stephen Segaller - "Architects of the Web: 1,000 Days That Built the Future of Business" by Robert H. Reid - "Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet" by Michael Hauben et al - "Exploring the Internet: A Technical Travelogue" by Carl Malamud Early works of interest: - "As We May Think" by Vannevar Bush, 1945 http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/computer/bushf.htm - "Man-Computer Symbiosis" by J.C.R. Licklider, 1960 http://apotheca.hpl.hp.com/ftp/pub/DEC/SRC/research-reports/abstracts/src-rr-061.html --- Contributors to Hobbes' Internet Timeline have their initials next to the contributed items in the form (:zzz:) and are: ad1 - Arnaud Dufour amk - Alex McKenzie bb1 - Billy Brackenridge bt1 - Brad Templeton clg - C. Lee Giles db1 - Dave Belson dhr - David H. Rothman dk1 - Daniel Karrenberg ec1 - Eric Carroll esr - Eric S. Raymond feg - Farrell E. Gerbode gb1 - Gordon Bell gck - Gary C. Kessler glg - Gail L. Grant gmc - Grant McCall gst - Graham Thomas irh - Ian R Hardy jap - Jean Armour Polly jg1 - Jim Gaynor jtl - Jon Leighton kf1 - Ken Fockler kf2 - Kinming Fung lb1 - Larry Backman lhl - Larry H. Landweber mpc - Mellisa P. Chase msb - Majorie S. Blumenthal msh - Michael S. Hart par - Pierre A Renaud pb1 - Paul Burchard pds - Peter da Silva ph1 - Peter Hoffman rab - Roger A. Bielefeld rm1 - Rahi Moosavi sc1 - Susan Calcari sk2 - Stan Kulikowski - see sources section sw1 - Stephen Wolff tb1 - Tim Burress tp1 - Tim Pozar vgc - Vinton Cerf - see sources section wz1 - W. Zorn zby - Zenel Batagelj Archive-name: Hobbes' Internet Timeline Version: 25 Archive-location: http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ Last-updated: 1 January 2018 Maintainer: Robert H'obbes' Zakon, timeline@Zakon.org, www.Zakon.org Description: An Internet timeline highlighting some of the key events and technologies that helped shape the Internet as we know it today.