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Mesothelioma Treatment Options

Mesothelioma patients should consult an expert in mesothelioma for a treatment plan. Many specialists offer novel treatments that can help improve the prognosis and symptoms.

Doctors can treat mesothelioma with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Certain types of mesothelioma also respond to immunotherapy. Mesothelioma can recur after treatment. Doctors can prevent it from happening again by causing the pleura to adhere to one another (pleurodesis) or draining fluid with a chest tube (peritoneal mesothelioma experimental treatment). The best treatment plans incorporate these methods.

Surgery

Mesothelioma treatment options are based on the type of mesothelioma that a patient is diagnosed with as well as the stage and other factors such as age. The doctor will decide on the most effective mesothelioma treatment side effects of mesothelioma option for you during your initial evaluation.

The first step is surgery to remove as much mesothelioma that is possible. The surgeon is also able to perform other treatments during or following the surgery. Mesothelioma treatments may include chemotherapy and radiation. Immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and palliative therapies can ease symptoms and improve quality of life for patients.

Some people who have pleural mesothelioma undergo radical surgical procedure known as extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) to remove the tumor and most of the affected lung, in addition to the lung's lining (pleura) which is a part of the diaphragm and the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium). Another surgery that can be performed is pleurectomy/decortication (P/D). The procedure removes the pleura, however, it does not affect the lung. P/D is less invasive than EPP and has been successful in extending survival times. Some cancer centers employ heated intraoperative chemotherapy to kill cancerous cells that remain after surgery.

During the surgery, patients are put under anesthesia and are given medication to assist them in sleeping or experiencing no pain. During this period the medical team will gather important information about your health such as your heart rate and blood pressure.

After surgery the patient will be treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Chemotherapy is used in order to stop mesothelioma cancer cells from growing and also to kill any cells leftover after surgery. Different types of chemotherapy are used to treat mesothelioma. These include doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide and pemetrexed. These drugs are typically administered by IV.

Radiation is a highly effective treatment for mesothelioma because it utilizes high-energy beams to eliminate cancerous cells. Radiation can be used on its own or in conjunction with other treatments. It is a method to treat any type of mesothelioma. However, it is most likely to be beneficial for peritoneal or pericardial cancer.

Recurrent tumors can occur in people who have mesothelioma, even after treatment. This is called mesothelioma recurrent and may be located in the same location as before or it could expand to other organs, like the brain or liver. People who have recurrent cancer may need to consider other treatments, such as immunotherapy or targeted therapy, which can improve their survival and decrease the likelihood of the tumor returning.

Chemotherapy

When mesothelioma is the issue, chemotherapy is one of the most powerful treatments available. Injecting drugs into patients to kill cancer cells and stop them from spreading or growing is what chemotherapy entails. Mesothelioma specialists may employ chemo on its own, or in conjunction with other treatment options, such as radiation therapy or immunotherapy.

The type of cancer and stage of the cancer will determine the appropriate chemotherapy regimen for the patient. Doctors can choose to use different types of chemotherapy drugs, but the standard treatments include pemetrexed and cisplatin. Pemetrexed works to kill mesothelioma tumors by targeting the cells that produce proteins that cancer cells require to grow. Cisplatin, an anticancer drug, attaches itself to the DNA of mesothelioma cells and causes them to die. These drugs can be administered intravenously or by mouth.

Doctors can administer intraoperative chemotherapy during a mesothelioma procedure. The chemotherapy drugs are heated and released into the chest cavity or abdominal cavity while the surgeon is still operating. The aim of this treatment is to eliminate any microscopic cancer that the surgeon can't detect after surgery.

Patients suffering from mesothelioma are able to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy following their surgery. A majority of doctors wait until the mesothelioma has gone away before recommending this treatment. The reason is that the surgery procedures used to treat mesothelioma sarcomatoid treatment are so invasive that a patient may not be fit enough to undergo chemotherapy immediately following the operation.

If mesothelioma returns the treatment will be focused on controlling the disease and reducing symptoms. Some people may choose to do everything they can to cure their cancer, while others prefer to manage the disease and live symptom-free as long as possible. If a patient is diagnosed with mesothelioma recurrently it is crucial to discuss the issue with their doctor and evaluate the pros and cons of each option together. A patient might also want to enroll in a clinical trial of new mesothelioma treatment. These trials can test new combinations of standard treatments or a different type of mesothelioma treatment. Certain studies have demonstrated for instance, that immunotherapy is a successful treatment of mesothelioma guidelines for mesothelioma that has recurred.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to kill cancerous cells. Doctors treating mesothelioma often prescribe radiation therapy after surgery or in combination with other treatment options. It can also be used as a symptom-relieving treatment for symptoms like breathlessness or pain. The most recent types of radiation have better control, allowing it to target tumors, while avoiding nearby healthy tissue.

Treatment options will be based on the type of mesothelioma that you have and treat mesothelioma where it is located. You can also talk to your doctor about experimental treatments, such as immunotherapy. Clinical trials are research studies that evaluate the safety and efficacy of new medications or procedures. These trials are conducted with patients who volunteer to take part.

A mesothelioma specialist can help you find the right clinical trial for you.

Surgery can decrease the size of tumors and alleviate symptoms. However, it's not a cure for mesothelioma. It's possible that the cancer will return or spread to other parts of the body. That's why most mesothelioma patients are treated with a mix of treatments.

For pleural mesothelioma, surgical options include pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) and extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP). The pleura is removed during P/D. This thin membrane that is a part of the chest wall, lungs and lining of the lung. It can also remove any visible tumors on the lung or chest wall. EPP is a more comprehensive procedure that can be used to treat mesothelioma that is in its advanced stages. This procedure involves the removal of the lung tissue, diaphragm, the pleura and any visible tumors.

Radiation therapy can be utilized following mesothelioma surgery in pleural areas to kill any microscopic cancerous areas that weren't removed during the procedure. This is referred to as adjuvant mesothelioma radiation. It is also used to treat symptoms such as chest pain, breathing difficulties or difficulties swallowing in peritoneal cancer patients before a procedure referred to as cytoreduction with heated chemotherapy (HIPEC).

Radiation can have long-term effects. The most frequent side effects include fatigue and skin changes. In rare instances it could cause lung damage over time and can cause persistent breathing problems or a narrowing of the esophagus. It is important to discuss these risks with your physician prior to making a decision about radiation.

Immunotherapy

Cancer is caused by genetic mutations which cause abnormal cells to multiply uncontrollably. As the cells grow they form tumors that infiltrate and destroy healthy tissue. As time passes, the tumors spread throughout the body, causing symptoms such as pain, fatigue and coughing, as well as difficulty breathing. Malignant mesothelioma, a type of asbestos-related lung cancer develops in the mesothelium, a protective covering that surrounds a person's organs.

When doctors diagnose mesothelioma, they start with a physical exam and take a thorough history of your exposure to asbestos. They also conduct medical tests, including blood tests and a variety of scans. These scans offer a high-resolution view of your body and may reveal signs of mesothelioma such as fluid around the lungs or cancerous tumors. X-rays are the most commonly used imaging test used to identify mesothelioma. However, doctors may order more advanced scans like CT, PET and MRI. Doctors can also perform biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma and ensure that the cancer hasn't spread.

Doctors are not able to treat most mesothelioma patients however they can manage the disease by controlling it through chemotherapy and other treatments. The goal is removing mesothelioma in the maximum amount and reducing the likelihood that the cancer will return.

In advanced mesothelioma patients, doctors may perform pleurodesis to stop fluid buildup in the lungs. Or, they may place an incision in the chest for regular drainage of excess liquid. They could also try to stop tumors from growing by making the outer layer of the lung adhere to the inner layer of the lungs. (extrapleural pneumonectomy), or shrinking them with radiation therapy.

Immunotherapy is a revolutionary treatment that makes use of medications to stimulate your immune system to fight cancer. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved these medications, including Keytruda and Opdivo to be used in clinical trials for mesothelioma. This treatment is promising and could result in better outcomes for certain patients. Immunotherapy can cause negative side effects, such as fatigue, fever, and chills. However, these are less severe than treatments that are more aggressive.